a penthouse living room opens up to an ash terrace and plunge pool — On the seventh floor, the penthouse living room opens onto an ash terrace and plunge pool.

June 22, 2023

A Passive-House Design in Palma, Spain Without a Drop of Paint

Architects Paloma Hernaiz and Jaime Oliver, cofounders and directors of OHLab, believe that a building is only as attractive as it is sustainable. “If you know it’s polluting the environment, it probably won’t appeal to you,” Oliver argues. Climate change has altered our perspective. Glass curtain walls, for example, have lost some of their allure. “Today, if you see a building that’s entirely glazed, it’s not as nice aesthetically because you should know it doesn’t work well,” he says. By that measure alone, Paseo Mallorca 15, an apartment building the firm designed in Palma, on the Spanish island of Mallorca, is a stunner: Covered in pine shutters, it relies on passive heating and cooling techniques and consumes little energy.

Hernaiz and Oliver, who are married, met in New York while earning their masters’ degrees at Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation and later worked together at OMA in China. They founded OHLab (the O and H pulled from their last names) in Shanghai in 2007 but have since moved back to their native Spain and are now based in Mallorca, where Oliver grew up. In 2016, they completed their first passive-house project, Casa MM in Palma. “They haven’t turned on the heating or AC,” Hernaiz notes. “It was a breakthrough for us because we realized how easy it is to achieve.” Soon after, she and Oliver won a competition for the apartment building in central Palma. They have been building energy-efficient dwellings ever since.

A Sustainable, Passive-House Design by OHLab

The developer asked for an iconic design befitting the prime location beside the tree-lined Riera canal. “He also requested something that would represent the values of the 21st century in terms of society and architecture,” Oliver says. He and Hernaiz argued that a passive house structure would do just that. As glass curtain walls were the image of modernity in the 20th century, maybe sunshades would be a hallmark of the 21st.

OHLab worked within the limited parameters of a trapezoidal lot and urban planning codes. The 38,000-square-foot building faces three streets: two narrow, quiet ones and the larger, noisier Passeig de Mallorca, which offers the best light and views. This setup determined the layout of the 10 units, with living areas facing the main road and bedrooms in the back. Each street also has different zoning regarding height limits, which resulted in Paseo Mallorca 15 having a zigzag roof line of four, six, and eight stories.

a trio of outdoor arm chairs and a table in front of Spanish cane on the courtyard of an apartment building in Spain — Behind a trio of Kangaroo armchairs by Pierre Jeanneret and a Suar table by Camilla Lapucci and Lapo Bianchi Luci, Arundo donax, aka Spanish cane, climbs the prefabricated-concrete panels defining the courtyard of Paseo Mallorca 15, an energy-efficient 10-unit apartment building in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, by OHLab.

A Home That Heats and Cools Itself

Hernaiz, Oliver, and their team gave the back of the building a facade of prefabricated concrete panels and covered the southern side in moveable thermo-treated pine slats that act as a solar filter. Residents can adjust them manually from their balconies, closing them in summer and opening them in winter. OHLab incorporated panels of four different depths to account for the wood’s natural irregularity and aging, “So it won’t look like a mistake,” Oliver explains. At night, the building glows like a paper lantern.

The design draws on vernacular Mallorcan architecture, such as Mediterranean pergolas and shutters, and uses such traditional techniques as cross-ventilation to keep rooms cool. “These are basic principles that were lost during the last century, but it’s a much smarter way to build,” Hernaiz says. A heat recovery system moderates the temperature and circulates fresh air, insulation is nearly 10 inches thick, and the structure is airtight. Although the building has heating and AC, Hernaiz and Oliver hope residents won’t have to turn them on. The result is a heating and cooling energy demand of 15 kWh per square meter per year, which not only is in line with Passivhaus standards but also a 90 percent less demand than a conventional building.

The Apartment Building Features Local Plants and an Indoor Spa

Upon entering, visitors pass a green wall of Spanish cane, a perennial plant that was abundant along the canal during Oliver’s childhood. “It’s an homage to that local vegetation,” he says. The passage leads to an inner courtyard with a waterfall that refreshes the air and brings natural light to an indoor pool and spa on the lower level. Upstairs, there are no more than two residences per floor; a penthouse triplex, its interiors also by OHLab, tops out the structure.

The architects considered the carbon footprint of all materials and sourced as much as possible from the island. The stone for sinks and countertops comes from a quarry in nearby Binissalem; traditional Mallorcan lime mortar coats walls and ceilings and regulates humidity. “It has a beautiful patina and a clean smell,” Oliver says. “You can feel when there are no chemicals, paints, or varnishes. He and Hernaiz also favored timber, which doesn’t come from Mallorca but has a smaller carbon footprint than processed materials like steel.

In the 5,000-square-foot, five-bedroom penthouse, OHLab incorporated oak flooring, French walnut paneling, and cedar closets, and sourced handmade wooden seating from a local manufacturer. Even some of the light fixtures are made on the island, like the handblown-glass pendants from Gordiola, the 300- year-old factory that’s about 20 minutes away from the apartment building.

the exterior of an apartment building wrapped in Spanish pine — Adjustable steel-framed shutters of thermo-treated, PEFC-certified Spanish pine wrap the sunny southeast corner of the building.

“For us, sustainability is not just an add-on,” Hernaiz states. “It is embedded in our design decisions.” Each environmentally responsible choice contributes to a cohesion that extends from the facade to the bedrooms. It proves that a contemporary urban high-rise can be beautiful, rooted in its landscape, and respect the world at large.

Behind the Sustainable Design of Paseo Mallorca 15

an elevator lifting a car in a garage — An elevator takes cars from the basement parking garage to street level.

the living room in a triplex decorated with natural materials — In the living room of the triplex penthouse, also designed by OHLab, a local manufacturer made the stool and the armchair of almond wood and palm rope; the custom cocktail table is slate.

glass pendant fixtures hang above a dining table in a penthouse — In the penthouse dining room, custom handblown-glass pendant fixtures suspend over Matthew Hilton’s Welles table and Windsor chairs by Jader Almeida.

a Spanish marble staircase inside an apartment — Lime mortar coats the walls of the Spanish marble staircase, which leads from the lobby to the upper floors; there’s no paint anywhere in the building.

the living room nook of an organically decorated penthouse — OHLab furnished a penthouse living-room nook with a Greta M. Grossman G-10 floor lamp, Antonio Facco’s Olo side table, and locally made leather-and-walnut armchairs.

a granite countertop forms the vanity in this bathroom — In a nearby bathroom, custom sinks are carved from a single block of Binissalem, a crystalline granite often called Mallorca’s marble that comes from a quarry on the island.

a pendant light hangs over a kitchen island in the room wrapped in French walnut — In the penthouse kitchen, paneled in French walnut, OHLab’s H pendant hangs over the 10-foot-long Binissalem-topped island.

a freestanding tub sits across from a bed and armchair in this penthouse — Almeida’s Mad armchair faces a freestanding tub in a penthouse bedroom.

a bathroom inside a penthouse apartment clad in oak and natural materials — Custom sinks and mirrors outfit a penthouse bathroom; flooring throughout the apartment is oak.

stone mosaic tiles on the walls of a spa — Stone mosaic tiles cover the walls in Paseo Mallorca 15’s lower-level spa.

an indoor pool at a penthouse apartment — In addition to the spa, a 30-foot indoor pool occupies the building’s lower level.

PROJECT TEAM

OHLab: rebeca lavín; robin harloff; loreto angulo; pedro rodríguez; silvia morais; mercé solar; m. bruna pisciotta; tomislav konjevod; josé allona; claudio tagarelli; eleni oikonomaki; agustín verdejo; luis quiles

jonathan bell studio: landscape architect

hima estructuras: structural engineer

amm technical group: mep

estudi linia: civil engineer

contract stone & ceramic: stonework

construcciones regla de oro: general contractor

PRODUCT SOURCES

FROM FRONT

cassina: chairs (courtyard)

il giardino di legno: table

malift: car elevator (garage)

la pecera mallorca: stool, chairs (living room)

blasco: sofa

gordiola: pendant fixtures (dining room, bedroom)

de la espada: table (dining room)

sollos: chairs (dining room, bedroom)

Gubi: floor lamp (living room)

Mogg: side table

flou: bed (bedroom)

inbani: tub

contain: pendant fixture (kitchen)

miele: appliances

paola lenti; tribù: outdoor furniture (terrace)

THROUGHOUT

decágono: furniture supplier

grupo gubia: timber facade installation

Dornbracht: sink fittings, tub fittings

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